The ceasefire agreement takes effect and fractures—Israel attacks Lebanon, who is really the destroyer?

Iran and the US announced a ceasefire in less than 24 hours, then Israel launched its largest airstrike since the latest conflict erupted in Lebanon—50 fighter jets dropping around 160 bombs on 100 targets in 10 minutes, causing at least 303 deaths and 1,150 injuries. Lebanon's Civil Defense Department stated this was the deadliest day for Lebanon since the Israel-Lebanon fighting reignited in early March. The Israeli Defense Forces also destroyed the last bridge connecting southern Lebanon with other parts of the country.
Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu then explicitly stated in a video speech that the US-Iran ceasefire agreement does not involve Hezbollah Lebanon, “We will continue to strike them forcefully.” He emphasized that the US-Iran ceasefire “is not the end of the war,” but just a stage in Israel’s process to achieve all its goals; Israel “is ready to fight again at any time,” “the finger is always on the trigger.”
Iran responded strongly. Iran’s Parliament Speaker, Kalibaf, issued a statement saying that out of 10 ceasefire provisions, three have already been violated, including Lebanon’s ceasefire promise, a drone entering Iranian airspace and being shot down, and the US denying Iran’s right to uranium enrichment, “the basis of negotiations has been blatantly undermined.” Iran’s President Pezeshkian also condemned, stating that Israel’s attack “is a dangerous signal of deception and non-compliance with potentially harmful agreements,” “Iran will not leave its brothers and sisters in Lebanon behind.”
The international community also voiced its stance. UN High Commissioner for Human Rights, Turc, called the attack “illogical”; leaders from the UK, France, Germany, Spain, and other countries strongly condemned Israel’s airstrikes on Lebanon, and called for the ceasefire agreement to include Lebanon. EU High Representative for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy, Karras, also firmly stated that “Iran’s ceasefire must be extended to Lebanon.”
The US stance on this matter appears ambiguous. In an interview, Trump said he had asked Netanyahu to be “more modest” in operations in Lebanon, to support US diplomatic efforts to reach a ceasefire agreement with Iran, and he said Netanyahu agreed “to reduce the intensity of operations.” However, Trump also clearly stated that Lebanon is not included in the scope of the US-Iran ceasefire. This stance was interpreted by the media as “silent approval of Israel’s actions, not coordination.”
Analysts assess that Israel’s harsh attack on Lebanon has deeper strategic intentions. Northwestern University’s Center for International Strategy Studies director Wang Jin said Israel did not approve the US-proposed ceasefire because Israel cannot directly engage in communication between the US and Iran. In this context, Israel aims to demonstrate through actions that “the ceasefire does not include Lebanon.” At the same time, Israel hopes to use the ceasefire pause to fully weaken Hezbollah Lebanon, shift the balance of power, so Hezbollah is in a weaker position in any future agreement, and send a signal to Iran—that the US-Iran ceasefire does not protect Hezbollah, forcing Iran to make greater concessions in ceasefire negotiations.
This airstrike becomes a substantial test for the US-Iran ceasefire agreement. Iran has explicitly told Pakistani mediators that before a ceasefire is reached in Lebanon, Iran’s delegation will not participate in peace talks with the US. A source familiar with the matter said that if Israel continues to violate the ceasefire agreement and keeps attacking Lebanon, Iran will consider withdrawing from the agreement.
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