You need to understand the CA mark on stocks before investing, or you'll foolishly lose your rights.

When you enter a trading app, you might see strange abbreviations attached to stocks, such as CA, XD, XM, T1, H, and so on. These symbols are the “key indicators” that inform investors about upcoming significant events related to the stock. If you don’t understand their meanings, you might miss out on dividends or lose certain rights.

The CA Symbol: Corporate Action to Watch

CA stands for Corporate Action, which directly translates to “Company Action.” It indicates that the stock will undergo an important event within 7 days, such as dividend payments, shareholder meetings, or new securities issuance.

Clicking on the CA symbol will show:

• What event will happen (e.g., dividend payout, capital increase)
• When it will happen (specific date)
• What the abbreviations mean (XD, XR, XM, etc.)

Understanding these abbreviations is crucial because your rights as a shareholder often depend on whether you buy the stock before or after that date.

The X Group: Excluding - Rights Lost if Bought After Today

All symbols ending with X mean the same: “Excluding” = You will lose certain rights.

XD - Dividend Exclusion

XD stands for Excluding Dividend. If you buy the stock when it shows XD, you will not receive the upcoming dividend.

Example:

• Day 1: Stock ABC performs well; company announces a dividend of 2 baht per share.
• Day 5: The stock shows XD (the “Ex-Date”).
• If you buy before Day 5 → You get the 2 baht dividend.
• If you buy on or after Day 5 → You do not get the dividend.

Note: It doesn’t matter if you buy just before or just after; if you buy before the XD date, you get the dividend.

XM - Excluding Shareholder Meeting Rights

XM stands for Excluding Meeting. Buying the stock when it shows XM means you won’t participate in the shareholder meeting.

XW - Excluding Warrant Rights

XW stands for Excluding Warrant. Warrants are “child stocks” that can be converted into common shares by paying extra. Usually, the ratio is 1:1.

XR - Excluding Rights to New Shares

XR stands for Excluding Rights. When a company issues new shares to raise capital, existing shareholders often have the right to subscribe first. If the stock shows XR, you lose this right.

Other X Symbols: XS, XT, XI, XP, XA, XE, XN, XB

These have similar meanings:

• XS: No short-term warrant subscription rights
• XT: No transferable rights to subscribe for new securities
• XI: No interest received
• XP: No principal repayment
• XA: No rights at all (click for details)
• XE: No conversion rights
• XN: No proceeds from capital reduction
• XB: No rights to preferred shares or other securities

💡 Tip: To receive dividends or other rights, buy the stock before the relevant X symbol date!

The T Group: Trading Alerts - Buy/Sell Warnings

Symbols ending with T mean “Read more: Trading caution”. They appear when a stock’s price rises rapidly, creating a bubble, prompting the stock exchange to implement measures to limit trading.

T has 3 levels:

T1 - Level 1 Alert

T1 stands for Trading Alert Level 1. When a stock hits T1, its price has surged abnormally.

Restrictions:

• Must buy with a Cash Balance account (no margin)
• Duration: 3 weeks from announcement

T2 - Level 2 Alert

T2 is Trading Alert Level 2. If after 1 month the stock still remains highly volatile, it escalates to T2.

Restrictions:

• Must buy with Cash Balance only
• Cannot use as collateral
• Duration: 3 weeks

T3 - Level 3 (Most Severe)

T3 is Trading Alert Level 3. If conditions don’t improve, it escalates to T3.

Restrictions:

• Must buy with Cash Balance only
• Cannot use as collateral
• No settlement allowed! ← Absolutely forbidden!

This means: normally, if you buy shares worth 10,000 baht and sell, the money is available immediately. But under T3, after selling, the cash will only be available the next day. This reduces day-trading frenzy.

Warning Symbols: H, SP, NP, NC, ST, C

These indicate “Warning! The company is in trouble.” ✋

H - Trading Halt (Temporary suspension for 1 session)

H means trading is halted temporarily for one session (morning or afternoon).

Why: Due to leaked news not yet officially announced to the stock exchange.

SP - Trading Suspension (Longer halt)

SP indicates a longer suspension than H.

Why: Due to unresolved issues or pending financial reports.

NP - Notice Pending

NP means the company has not yet filed reports. Once filed, it becomes NR (Notice Received).

NC - Non-Compliance (Very serious!)

NC indicates the company may be delisted or face severe penalties. 😱

Why:

• Long-term accumulated losses
• Failure to submit financial statements

Time frame: The company has 1 year to fix issues (e.g., submit documents).

ST - Stabilization

ST indicates the company is trying to stabilize its stock price, often using a “Greenshoe” option — issuing extra shares initially to support the price for up to 30 days after listing.

C - Caution (High risk!)

C signals the company has financial problems and is highly risky.

Signs include:

• Equity < 50% of paid-up capital (very weak)
• Court-approved restructuring or bankruptcy
• Regulatory orders to fix or suspend operations

Financial statements:

• Auditor’s opinion is unqualified (no issues)
• SEC orders corrections

Business status:

• “Cash Company” — selling almost all assets, no core operations left

Important Info: What is Cash Balance?

Cash Balance is the account used by beginner investors to ensure they only invest with available funds, preventing misuse of margin or credit.

Summary: CA and Other Symbols to Know

CA indicates an upcoming significant event within 7 days. Clicking it reveals various abbreviations:

• X group: Rights lost (dividends, meetings, warrants, etc.)
• T group: Trading alerts (levels 1-3)
• Warning signs: Company in trouble

Key tip: If you want dividends or rights, buy before the relevant X date!

These symbols may seem complex, but they are “codes” to inform investors about what’s happening. Understanding them helps you make smarter investment decisions! 🎯