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WASHINGTON, Feb 20 (Reuters Breakingviews) - “Liberation Day” tariffs didn’t even make it to their first anniversary. The bewildering bevy of levies imposed under emergency powers by the Trump administration in April shook the global trade system and led to months of extensions, deals, escalatory threats and ruptures. The U.S. Supreme Court ruled on Friday that the president lacked authority under statute for any of it. The rejection, opens new tab alone doesn’t end the ad hoc gamesmanship, though: only Congress can do that.

Much damage has been done. Though the ruling doesn’t address the issue, some $175 billion of collected duties, according to a Wharton School estimate, may now have to be refunded. Importers of all sizes, from major retailers like Costco (COST.O), opens new tab to family-owned toy manufacturers, have filed claims. Furthermore, Trump can try to seek alternate authority to cobble together replacement levies. The powers under which he imposed tariffs related to steel and aluminum, or those related to national security, are unaffected. In a press conference following the court’s decision, the president said that he would utilize Section 122, which allows for across-the-board rates for up to five months, to impose a new 10% global penalty.

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Ultimately, for Trump and for governments negotiating against him, what may matter most is whether legislators assert their primacy over trade, now reaffirmed by the court. They have shown signs of stirring recently. Republican leaders’ attempted blockade against votes disapproving of tariffs failed earlier this month. For now, backbenchers don’t seem ready to break from the president en masse. While resolutions attacking levies passed, they garnered just token support from the governing party, far short of the two-thirds majority necessary to override a possible veto from the White House. To really reclaim trade policy, many more legislators must be ready to act.

The opportunity will not get more obvious. A 6-3 majority opinion written by Chief Justice John Roberts – joined, notably, by two Trump appointees – places trade authority clearly within lawmakers’ purview. The Congressional Budget Office and New York Federal Reserve alike say in new studies that consumers bear more than 90% of the burden of tariffs. Midterm elections loom in November, while Trump’s approval rating on his handling of the economy stands at just 34%, according to a new Reuters/Ipsos poll released this week. Failure to move now could simply hand the reins to a very different Congress next year.

(This article has been updated to reflect President Trump’s announcement that he will impose new tariffs under Section 122 in paragraph two.)

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Context News

• The United States Supreme Court ruled on February 20 that President Donald Trump does not have the authority under certain emergency statutes to impose tariffs on trading partners without congressional justification.
• Tariffs imposed under emergency powers in April 2025 have raised $175 billion in revenue, according to the Wharton School at the University of Pennsylvania.

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Editing by Jonathan Guilford; Production by Pranav Kiran

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Gabriel Rubin

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Gabriel Rubin is a U.S. columnist for Reuters Breakingviews covering business and economics in Washington, DC. He joined Breakingviews in May 2024 after eight years at the Wall Street Journal, where he covered economics, politics, and financial regulation. He holds a bachelor’s degree in history and Spanish from Washington University in St. Louis.

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