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Researchers at StarkWare have proposed a scheme for “quantum-safe” Bitcoin transactions that can be achieved without a soft fork
Researcher Avihu Levy proposed Quantum Safe Bitcoin (QSB), a scheme that uses only existing traditional script constraints to make Bitcoin transactions resistant to quantum attacks. Under this scheme, standard Bitcoin transactions rely on ECDSA (Elliptic Curve Digital Signature Algorithm) signatures, and a sufficiently powerful quantum computer running Shor’s algorithm can break those signatures. To solve this problem, the researchers proposed QSB, which replaces the reliance on elliptic-curve cryptography in transaction security with a Binohash-based construction that uses a one-time signature scheme embedded in Bitcoin scripts.
Binohash achieves transaction integrity by using a proof-of-work puzzle based on a difficulty problem determined by signature length. However, the paper notes that quantum computing can also break this puzzle.
QSB eliminates this vulnerability by creating a “hash-to-signature” puzzle. This puzzle requires the payer to solve a puzzle based purely on hashing rather than elliptic-curve mathematics, enabling it to resist quantum attacks that would break elliptic-curve cryptography.
“Because this puzzle depends solely on RIPEMD-160’s collision resistance (and not on any elliptic curve assumptions), it is completely unaffected by Shor’s algorithm,” the researchers explained. (The Block)$BTC
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